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Scandium is used for the synthesis of a stable Sc(III)-plumbagin (PLB) complex, enabling high-sensitivity detection through fluorescence spectroscopy. In the synthesis procedure, 37.8 mg (0.2 mmol) of pure PLB was dissolved in 50.00 mL of ethanol, followed by the addition of 4.5 mL of 1000 ppm scandium standard solution (0.1 mmol) and 50.00 mL of distilled water. The pH of the mixture was adjusted to 5.5 using HCl.
The reaction mixture was stirred magnetically at 25 °C. After 30 minutes, an orange precipitate began to form, and stirring continued for 3 more hours to ensure complete complexation. The solid product was collected by filtration, washed with water and ethanol, and dried in a desiccator over P₂O₅ to constant weight. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was performed after each synthesis cycle to confirm purity; a single spot indicated completion. The final yield of the Sc-PLB complex was 52% based on PLB.
Characterization by UV-Vis, FT-IR, 1H/13C NMR, ESI-MS, XPS, and quantum chemical calculations confirmed the structure as [Sc(PLB)₂(H₂O)₂] with a 1:2 metal-to-ligand ratio. This complex showed strong fluorescence under optimized conditions (λex = 500 nm, λem = 600 nm) and was successfully applied in trace scandium analysis of ancient ceramics, offering a simple, accurate, and highly selective method.

Scandium (Sc), as a microalloying element, demonstrates remarkable potential in tailoring the mechanical and biological performance of titanium-based biomaterials. In a recent study, the addition of only 0.5 wt% Sc to a metastable β-type Ti-39Nb alloy significantly improved both its elastic modulus and biocompatibility-key properties for load-bearing orthopedic implants.
Ti-39Nb-0.5Sc exhibited a reduced elastic modulus of 41.1 GPa, which more closely matches that of human bone compared to the 51.9 GPa of Ti-39Nb. Meanwhile, tensile strength increased from 510.5 MPa to 568.8 MPa. These mechanical enhancements are attributed to nanoscale Sc oxide precipitates that inhibit martensitic transformation during quenching. Microstructural analysis confirmed a reduced presence of α″ martensite and refined grain size (from 228.71 µm to 143.27 µm), facilitating improved mechanical uniformity.
Biocompatibility assays revealed enhanced MG-63 osteoblast adhesion and proliferation in vitro, and superior osseointegration in vivo-likely due to grain refinement and increased surface hydrophilicity. These effects collectively accelerate bone healing, making the Sc-doped alloy a promising candidate for next-generation implants.
This case highlights Scandium's unique role in simplifying alloy design while achieving dual performance optimization. It offers a cost-effective route for preparing advanced titanium alloys for biomedical applications without the need for complex processing or multiple alloying additions.

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